Occasional Paper 20 - MEASURES OF UNRECORDED ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES IN FOURTEEN COUNTRIES
Table H1 |  Table H2 |  Table H3 |  Table I |  Table J |  Table K |
Table H1.
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE: DISTRIBUTION OF TIME AMONG NON-SNA ACTIVITIES, ALL PERSONS AND BY GENDER
CANADA: 1961, 1971, 1981, 1986 AND 1992

Population aged: 15 +.
Average time per person.
Hours and minutes per day (h.:m.).

  1961 1971 1981 1986 1992 1961 1971 1981 1986 1992
  * * * * * * * * * *
  All M F M F M F M F M F
Time in non-SNA activities (a)
meal preparation
h.:m. 1:04 0:56 0:50 0:44 0:47 0:20 1:47 0:18 1:32 0:20 1:19 0:17 1:11 0:22 1:10
% 33 30 28 25 24 20 37 17 35 17 33 14 30 17 28
cleaning
h.:m. 0:32 0:31 0:31 0:30 0:29 0:13 0:52 0:13 0:49 0:20 0:41 0:16 0:43 0:11 0:46
% 17 17 17 17 15 13 18 12 19 17 17 14 18 8 19
clothing care
h.:m. 0:20 0:14 0:10 0:10 0:11 0:05 0:34 0:02 0:26 0:02 0:17 0:01 0:17 0:02 0:19
% 10 8 6 5 5 5 12 3 10 2 7 1 8 1 8
repairs/maintenance                              
h.:m. 0:18 0:17 0:22 0:17 0:35 0:22 0:14 0:23 0:12 0:28 0:14 0:23 0:11 0:45 0:23
% 9 10 12 10 18 21 5 22 4 24 6 21 5 35 9
marketing                              
h.:m. 0:33 0:40 0:42 0:53 (b) 0:45 0:26 0:40 0:34 0:47 0:35 0:49 0:45 (b) 0:58 (b) 0:37 0:52
% 17 22 24 30 24 26 14 32 18 29 21 39 25 28 21
child care
h.:m. 0:29 0:26 0:24 0:23 0:25 0:15 0:42 0:14 0:37 0:14 0:35 0:12 0:33 0:16 0:27
% 14 13 13 13 14 15 14 14 14 11 16 11 14 11 15
Total time in non-SNA activities
h.:m. 3:15 3:04 2:59 2:56 3:12 1:41 4:49 1:45 4:22 1:58 3:56 1:55 3:55 2:14 4:08
% 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
SOURCES: ch. Jackson (1992 and 1994)

NOTES:
The estimates for 1961 are "backcasts" from the 1971, 1981 and 1986 data.
* Our calculations
Because of rounding off and because of transformation of time units, percentages may not always totalise to 100 and time to 24 hours.
(a) Activity categories are those of the Canadian source and therefore differ from our standardized categorization: "Food preparation: meal preparation; meal clean-up Cleaning: indoor cleaning; outdoor cleaning.
Clothing care: laundry, ironing, folding; mending.
Repairs/maintenance: home repairs and maintenance; gardening and pet care; other housework (bills).
Marketing/shopping: travel-domestic; everyday shopping; shopping for household durable goods; shopping for personal care services; shopping for government/financial services; adult medical/dental care (outside home); other professional services; repair services; waiting and queuing for purchases; other unencodeable services; travel for goods/services.
Child care: Physical child care: baby care; child care.
Tutorial child care: helping, teaching, reprimanding children; reading, talking, conversation with children; play with children.
Other child care: medical care; other child care; travel associated with children" (Jackson, 1992:8).
Unpaid work for the community not included.
(b) The 1986 time use survey was done in the two months prior to Christmas.  

Table H2.
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE: DISTRIBUTION OF TIME AMONG NON-SNA ACTIVITIES, ALL PERSONS AND BY GENDER
GREAT BRITAIN: 1961, 1974/5 AND 1980s
 

Population aged: 15 +.
Average time per person.
Hours and minutes per day (h.:m.).

  1961 1974/5 "1985" 1961 1974/5 "1985"
  All M F M F M F
Time in non-SNA activities (a)
cooking/washing up
h.:m. * 1:08 0:58 0:58 0:13 2:02 0:12 1:41 0:30 1:25
% 33 33 30 13 39 13 39 23 33
child care
h.:m. * 0:13 0:13 0:21 0:04 0:22 0:05 0:21 0:11 0:32
% 6 7 11 4 7 5 8 8 12
housework
h.:m. * 0:59 0:45 0:44 0:12 1:45 0:07 1:23 0:15 1:13
% 29 25 23 12 33 8 31 11 28
odd jobs
h.:m. * 0:18 0:23 0:29 0:24 0:13 0:33 0:13 0:35 0:22
% 9 13 15 24 4 36 6 27 9
shopping
h.:m. * 0:25 0:27 0:29 0:11 0:39 0:16 0:37 0:22 0:36
% 12 15 15 11 12 18 14 17 14
gardening
h.:m. * 0:18 0:09 0:09 0:28 0:09 0:14 0:05 0:14 0:05
% 9 5 4 29 3 15 2 11 2
community service
h.:m. * 0:05 0:04 0:05 0:06 0:04 0:04 0:04 0:05 0:05
% 2 2 2 6 1 4 2 4 2
Total time in non-SNA activities
h.:m. * 3:26 2:59 3:15 1:38 5:14 1:31 4:26 2:12 4:18
% 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
SOURCE: ESRC Research Centre on Micro-social Change, British Time-Use Project (1994).

NOTES:
"1985": actually 1983/1987.
(a) Activity categories are those of the British Time-Use Project.
* Our calculations.
Because of transformation of time units, time may not always totalise to 24 hours. 

Table H3.
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE: DISTRIBUTION OF TIME AMONG NON-SNA ACTIVITIES, ALL PERSONS AND BY GENDER
NORWAY: 1971/2, 1980/1 AND 1990/1

Population aged: 16-79 years.
Average time per person.
Hours and minutes per day (h.:m.).

  1971/2 1980/1 1990/1 1971/2 1980/1 1990/1
  * * * * * *
  All M F M F M F
Time in non-SNA activities (a)                  
food related activities
h.:m.  1:24 1:18 1:07 0:30 2:24 0:42 2:10 0:41 1:32
% 36 34 31 26 43 29 41 28 34
child care
h.:m.  0:24 0:31 0:37 0:06 0:36 0:18 0:36 0:23 0:48
% 10 13 17 5 11 13 11 16 18
adult care
h.:m.  --- 0:11 0:11 --- --- 0:12 0:12 0:12 0:13
%   5 5     8 4 8 5
textiles
h.:m.  0:36 0:25 0:20 0:00 1:00 0:00 0:42 0:02 0:47
% 16 11 9 0 18 0 13 1 14
upkeep of dwell./surr.
h.:m.  0:42 0:36 0:28 0:12 1:06 0:18 0:54 0:17 0:39
% 18 15 13 11 20 13 17 11 14
construction maintenance
h.:m.  0:12 0:14 0:13 0:36 0:00 0:24 0:06 0:24 0:03
% 5 6 6 31 0 16 2 16 1
management/shopping
h.:m.  0:24 0:23 0:27 0:18 0:18 0:18 0:24 0:14 0:28
% 10 10 13 16 5 13 8 10 10
gardening
h.:m.  0:12 0:13 0:13 0:12 0:12 0:12 0:12 0:15 0:11
% 5 6 6 6 3 8 4 10 4
un paid work (community)
h.:m.  0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00
% 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0
                   
Total time in non-SNA activities
h.:m.  3:54 3:51 3:36 1:54 5:36 2:24 5:16 2:28 4:31
% 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
SOURCE: Statistics Norway (1994)

NOTES:
* Our calculations.
Because of rounding off and because of transformation of time units, percentages may not always totalise to 100 and time to 24 hours.  

Table I.
BULGARIA AND FINLAND, 1988 DISTRIBUTION OF TIME BETWEEN SNA, NON-SNA AND NON-ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES, ALL PERSONS AND BY GENDER

Population aged: 16-79 years.
Average time per person.
Hours and minutes per day (h.:m.).

  BULGARIA 1988 FINLAND 1987/8
  (10 +) (10 +)
  All M F All M F
             
Time in economic activities
SNA
h.:m. * 3:50 4:34 3:22 3:22 4:05 2:38
% 16 19 14 14 17 11
NON-SNA
h.:m. * 3:50 2:24 5:02 3:07 2:09 4:05
% 16 10 21 13 9 17
             
Total time in economic activities
h.:m. * 7:40 6:58 8:24 6:29 6:14 6:43
% 32 29 35 27 16 28
             
Time in non-economic activities
             
h.:m. * 16:19 17:02 15:36 17:31 17:45 17:17
% 68 71 65 73 74 72
             
Total time, all activities
h.:m. * 24 24 24 24 24 24
% 100 100 100 100 100 100
SOURCE: I. Niemi and B. Anachkova (1992).

NOTES:
* Our calculations.
Because of rounding off and because of transformation of time units, percentages may not always totalise to 100 and time to 24 hours.  

Table J.
BULGARIA AND FINLAND 1988
DISTRIBUTION OF TIME AMONG HOUSEWORK ACTIVITIES, ALL PERSONS AND BY GENDER

Average time per person.
Hours and minutes per day (h.:m.).

  BULGARIA 1988 FINLAND 1987/8
(pop. aged) (10 +) (10 +)
  All M F All M F
food 0:53 0:12 1:32 0:48 0:20 1:15
%* 24 9 30 25 15 31
food preparation 0:36 0:07 1:02 0:37 0:16 0:56
washing up 0:18 0:05 0:30 0:12 0:04 0:19
housekeeping 1:00 0:09 1:46 0:41 0:11 1:08
%* 27 6 15 22 8 28
in.cleaning 0:22 0:08 0:35 0:23 0:10 0:35
laundry 0:16 0:01 0:30 0:08 0:01 0:14
clothes upk. 0:22 0:01 0:42 0:10 0:00 0:19
maintenance 1:04 1:22 0:47 0:46 1:00 0:32
%* 28 58 35 24 45 13
heat./water 0:06 0:08 0:04 0:06 0:09 0:04
home upkeep 0:12 0:22 0:03 0:11 0:21 0:02
garden./pres. (a) 0:32 0:37 0:28 0:05 0:04 0:07
out. cleaning 0:03 0:04 0:03 0:05 0:06 0:04
other dom. (b) 0:02 0:02 0:03 0:15 0:14 0:15
dom. travel (a) 0:08 0:10 0:06 0:04 0:06 0:02
child care 0:19 0:08 0:30 0:18 0:10 0:25
%* 8 6 10 10 8 11
shopping (c) 0:30 0:30 0:31 0:37 0:32 0:41
%* 13 21 10 19 24 17
total 3:46 2:21 5:05 3:11 2:15 4:03
%* 100 100 100 100 100 100
SOURCE: I. Niemi and B. Anachkova (1992).
NOTES:
* Our calculations.
(a) "Gardening" and "domestic travel" are not quite comparable between the two countries because of codification differences.
(b) "Other domestic activities" includes helping family members, neighbours, relatives and friends.
(c) "Shopping and errands" includes acquisition of consumer goods and durables (including time spent on queues), health care services, making calls on public and private services and private agencies, etc., as well as travels related to these activities.
Table K.
BULGARIA AND FINLAND, 1988
SHARING OF HOUSEWORK ACTIVITIES BY GENDER: EQUALITY RATIOS
 
Activity Equality ratios (a)
  BULGARIA  FINLAND 
food 88 79
food preparation 90 78
washing up 86 83
housekeeping 92 86
indoor cleaning 81 78
laundry and clooth upkeep 97 97
maintenance 36 35
heating/water 33 31
home upkeep 12 9
gardening/preserving 43 64
preserving    
outdoor cleaning 43 40
other domestic 60 52
domestic travel 38 25
child care 79 71
shopping/errands 51 56
     
housework total 68 64
SOURCE: I. Niemi and B. Anachkova (1992).

NOTES: * Our calculations.
(a) Time used by women expressed as a percentage of the total time used by men and women. A high percentage for a specific activity means that the activity is female-dominated, a low percentage means that the activity is male-dominated and a medium percentage shows that the activity is equally shared between men and women.