Table 4: Gender Development Index (GDI)

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Table 4. Gender Development Index
SDG 3 SDG 4.3 SDG 4.6 SDG 8.5
Gender Development Index Human
Development Index (HDI)		 Life expectancy at birth Expected years of schooling Mean years of schooling  Estimated gross national income per capita a
Value Group b Value (years) (years) (years) (2011 PPP $)
HDI rank Country Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male
2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 2017 c 2017 c 2017 c 2017 c 2017 2017
VERY HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
1 Norway 0.991 1 0.945 0.953 84.2 80.5 18.6 d 17.2 12.6 12.5 60,153 75,731 e
2 Switzerland 0.987 1 0.937 0.949 85.3 81.5 16.1 16.3 13.9 12.9 47,938 67,490
3 Australia 0.975 2 0.926 0.950 85.0 81.2 23.3 d 22.5 d 12.9 12.8 35,323 51,857
4 Ireland 0.979 1 0.926 0.946 83.6 79.7 19.7 d 19.5 d 12.7 f 12.1 f 42,771 64,916
5 Germany 0.967 2 0.919 0.951 83.5 78.9 16.9 17.0 13.6 14.5 37,689 54,843
6 Iceland 0.966 2 0.920 0.952 84.4 81.5 20.5 d 18.2 d 12.3 f 12.7 f 38,004 53,562
7 Hong Kong, China (SAR) 0.965 2 0.916 0.949 87.1 81.2 16.3 16.4 11.6 12.5 43,813 75,577 e
7 Sweden 0.992 1 0.927 0.934 84.3 80.9 18.4 d 16.9 12.5 12.3 41,743 53,777
9 Singapore 0.982 1 0.922 0.939 85.2 81.1 16.4 g 16.0 g 11.0 12.1 69,508 95,809 e
10 Netherlands 0.966 2 0.913 0.944 83.7 80.3 18.3 d 17.8 11.9 12.5 38,767 57,123
11 Denmark 0.980 1 0.919 0.938 82.8 79.0 19.8 d 18.4 d 12.7 h 12.4 h 40,293 55,624
12 Canada 0.986 1 0.916 0.930 84.4 80.7 16.9 f 16.0 f 13.3 12.9 34,928 52,070
13 United States 0.992 1 0.919 0.926 81.8 77.3 17.2 15.7 13.4 13.3 43,899 66,208
14 United Kingdom 0.960 2 0.903 0.941 83.4 79.9 17.9 17.0 12.8 h 13.5 h 28,043 50,485
15 Finland 1.000 1 0.917 0.917 84.3 78.7 18.4 d 16.9 12.6 12.3 34,504 47,691
16 New Zealand 0.966 2 0.900 0.932 83.7 80.4 19.7 d 18.0 12.7 12.5 25,872 42,339
17 Belgium 0.971 2 0.901 0.928 83.6 78.9 20.8 d 18.8 d 11.6 11.9 33,260 51,302
17 Liechtenstein .. .. .. .. .. .. 13.4 16.1 .. .. .. ..
19 Japan 0.975 1 0.894 0.917 87.1 80.7 15.2 15.3 12.9 i 12.5 i 27,209 51,326
20 Austria 0.971 2 0.893 0.920 84.1 79.4 16.4 15.8 11.8 12.6 35,626 55,591
21 Luxembourg 0.969 2 0.888 0.916 84.1 79.8 14.1 13.9 11.7 h 12.4 h 51,154 78,737 e
22 Israel 0.975 2 0.890 0.913 84.3 80.9 16.5 15.3 13.0 13.0 24,620 40,910
22 Korea (Republic of) 0.932 3 0.866 0.929 85.3 79.2 15.9 17.1 11.4 12.9 22,572 49,297
24 France 0.987 1 0.894 0.906 85.6 79.8 16.8 16.0 11.3 11.8 32,518 46,218
25 Slovenia 1.003 1 0.898 0.895 83.9 78.3 18.0 16.5 12.2 12.3 26,898 34,341
26 Spain 0.979 1 0.879 0.898 86.0 80.5 18.2 d 17.5 9.7 10.0 26,954 41,850
27 Czechia 0.986 1 0.881 0.894 81.7 76.0 17.6 16.1 12.6 13.1 23,224 38,206
28 Italy 0.967 2 0.863 0.893 85.3 80.9 16.6 15.9 10.0 h 10.4 h 25,767 45,326
29 Malta 0.960 2 0.858 0.893 82.6 79.4 16.4 15.4 11.0 11.6 24,255 44,446
30 Estonia 1.019 1 0.876 0.860 82.0 73.0 16.9 15.3 13.0 12.2 21,896 37,043
31 Greece 0.964 2 0.853 0.885 83.9 78.9 17.0 17.5 10.5 11.0 19,658 29,796
32 Cyprus 0.984 1 0.861 0.875 82.8 78.5 15.0 14.2 12.0 12.2 26,580 36,543
33 Poland 1.006 1 0.866 0.861 81.6 73.9 17.3 15.6 12.3 12.3 20,367 32,343
34 United Arab Emirates 0.968 2 0.832 0.859 78.9 76.7 14.3 13.4 11.9 j 9.7 j 24,973 84,130 e
35 Andorra .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 10.1 10.2 .. ..
35 Lithuania 1.026 2 0.868 0.846 80.0 69.4 16.6 15.7 13.0 13.0 24,366 32,934
37 Qatar 1.031 2 0.870 0.843 80.0 77.6 14.8 12.0 10.8 9.5 59,164 135,961 e
38 Slovakia 0.991 1 0.850 0.858 80.4 73.4 15.5 14.4 12.3 12.6 22,600 36,726
39 Brunei Darussalam 0.990 1 0.846 0.854 79.1 75.8 14.8 14.1 9.0 i 9.1 i 63,939 88,204 e
39 Saudi Arabia 0.877 5 0.782 0.892 76.5 73.4 16.0 17.8 8.8 h 9.9 h 17,422 73,945
41 Latvia 1.030 2 0.858 0.834 79.4 69.7 16.5 15.1 13.2 h 12.5 h 20,822 29,924
41 Portugal 0.983 1 0.839 0.853 84.2 78.4 16.2 16.4 9.2 9.2 23,095 32,013
43 Bahrain 0.931 3 0.805 0.865 78.1 76.2 16.6 15.6 9.3 j 9.5 j 18,774 55,130
44 Chile 0.961 2 0.823 0.856 82.1 77.2 16.7 16.2 10.2 10.5 15,137 28,809
45 Hungary 0.985 1 0.830 0.843 79.4 72.5 15.4 14.8 11.7 12.1 19,931 31,413
46 Croatia 0.991 1 0.828 0.835 81.0 74.5 15.7 14.3 11.2 j 11.7 j 17,507 27,164
47 Argentina 0.997 1 0.816 0.819 80.4 73.0 18.7 16.2 10.1 j 9.7 j 12,395 24,789
48 Oman 0.942 3 0.781 0.829 79.7 75.6 14.7 13.4 10.4 9.2 11,246 49,282
49 Russian Federation 1.019 1 0.823 0.808 76.8 65.6 15.9 15.2 12.0 h 12.1 h 19,510 29,671
50 Montenegro 0.956 2 0.794 0.831 79.6 74.9 15.2 14.7 10.7 h 12.0 h 12,967 20,692
51 Bulgaria 0.990 1 0.808 0.816 78.4 71.5 15.0 14.6 11.9 11.8 14,777 22,930
52 Romania 0.985 1 0.804 0.817 79.0 72.1 14.6 13.9 10.6 11.3 18,217 27,358
53 Belarus 1.020 1 0.814 0.799 78.5 67.5 15.9 15.1 12.2 12.4 13,479 19,592
54 Bahamas .. .. .. .. 78.8 72.7 .. .. 11.5 h 10.5 h 22,156 31,397
55 Uruguay 1.014 1 0.807 0.796 81.0 74.0 16.9 15.0 9.0 8.4 15,282 24,905
56 Kuwait 0.990 1 0.791 0.799 76.1 73.9 14.3 12.9 8.0 6.9 39,570 93,476 e
57 Malaysia 0.976 1 0.791 0.810 77.9 73.3 14.1 13.3 10.0 h 10.3 h 20,004 31,826
58 Barbados 1.015 1 0.805 0.792 78.4 73.6 16.7 13.9 10.6 k 10.4 k 13,509 18,384
58 Kazakhstan 1.007 1 0.801 0.795 74.8 65.3 15.5 14.8 11.8 i 11.7 i 16,814 28,815
HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
60 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 0.871 5 0.726 0.834 77.3 75.1 14.6 15.1 9.7 i 9.9 i 6,094 32,017
60 Palau .. .. .. .. .. .. 17.8 16.5 .. .. .. ..
62 Seychelles .. .. .. .. 78.6 69.5 15.3 14.3 .. .. .. ..
63 Costa Rica 0.974 2 0.779 0.800 82.4 77.7 15.8 14.9 8.8 8.5 10,419 18,851
64 Turkey 0.922 4 0.755 0.819 79.2 72.8 14.7 15.7 7.1 8.8 15,576 34,313
65 Mauritius 0.968 2 0.773 0.799 78.4 71.4 15.5 14.6 9.1 i 9.5 i 12,558 27,986
66 Panama 0.988 1 0.782 0.791 81.3 75.3 13.3 12.1 10.4 i 9.9 i 13,229 25,102
67 Serbia 0.976 1 0.777 0.796 78.2 72.5 15.1 14.2 10.7 11.6 10,672 15,474
68 Albania 0.970 2 0.772 0.796 80.6 76.5 15.0 14.4 9.8 10.2 9,702 14,028
69 Trinidad and Tobago 1.013 1 0.794 0.784 74.4 67.4 14.4 l 12.5 l 11.0 h 10.8 h 22,008 35,435
70 Antigua and Barbuda .. .. .. .. 78.9 74.0 13.9 h 12.6 h .. .. .. ..
70 Georgia 0.975 1 0.766 0.786 77.6 69.2 15.3 14.8 12.8 12.8 6,177 12,481
72 Saint Kitts and Nevis .. .. .. .. .. .. 14.6 14.3 .. .. .. ..
73 Cuba 0.942 3 0.751 0.797 81.9 78.0 14.3 13.7 11.6 h 12.1 h 5,001 10,045
74 Mexico 0.954 2 0.752 0.789 79.7 74.9 14.4 13.8 8.4 8.8 11,065 22,873
75 Grenada .. .. .. .. 76.3 71.4 17.4 16.3 .. .. .. ..
76 Sri Lanka 0.935 3 0.738 0.789 78.8 72.1 14.1 13.6 10.3 h 11.4 h 6,462 16,581
77 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.924 4 0.739 0.800 79.6 74.6 14.9 k 14.5 k 8.6 10.9 7,723 15,856
78 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 1.011 1 0.762 0.754 78.9 70.8 15.4 13.2 10.7 10.0 7,401 13,976
79 Brazil 0.992 1 0.755 0.761 79.3 72.1 15.9 14.9 8.0 h 7.7 h 10,073 17,566
80 Azerbaijan 0.949 3 0.734 0.773 75.2 69.1 12.6 m 12.7 m 10.5 11.0 10,089 21,152
80 Lebanon 0.889 5 0.701 0.788 81.6 78.2 12.4 12.7 8.5 h 8.9 h 5,523 21,182
80 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 0.946 3 0.731 0.773 77.9 73.9 13.5 13.2 8.9 k 9.9 k 9,114 15,897
83 Armenia 0.969 2 0.740 0.764 77.8 71.4 13.4 12.6 11.7 11.7 6,358 12,281
83 Thailand 0.996 1 0.753 0.756 79.3 71.8 14.8 14.5 7.4 h 7.8 h 13,793 17,327
85 Algeria 0.861 5 0.680 0.791 77.6 75.1 14.6 14.1 7.6 h 8.6 h 4,232 23,181
86 China 0.955 2 0.735 0.769 78.0 74.9 14.0 13.6 7.6 j 8.3 j 12,053 18,295
86 Ecuador 0.978 1 0.741 0.757 79.3 73.9 15.4 13.9 8.6 8.8 7,388 13,307
88 Ukraine 0.993 1 0.746 0.751 76.9 67.1 15.2 14.8 11.3 j 11.3 j 6,082 10,513
89 Peru 0.950 3 0.728 0.766 77.9 72.6 13.9 13.6 8.7 9.7 8,446 15,140
90 Colombia 0.997 1 0.747 0.749 78.2 71.0 14.9 14.3 8.5 8.1 10,271 15,692
90 Saint Lucia 0.993 1 0.744 0.749 78.4 73.0 13.9 m 13.3 m 9.4 h 8.7 h 9,388 14,101
92 Fiji .. .. .. .. 73.6 67.5 .. .. 10.9 i 10.7 i 5,604 10,963
92 Mongolia 1.023 1 0.750 0.733 73.7 65.4 15.9 15.0 10.6 9.8 8,482 11,759
94 Dominican Republic 0.989 1 0.728 0.736 77.3 71.0 14.5 13.0 8.1 7.5 8,909 18,975
95 Jordan 0.857 5 0.658 0.767 76.3 72.8 13.4 h 12.9 h 10.1 i 10.6 i 2,459 13,971
95 Tunisia 0.897 5 0.684 0.762 78.0 73.9 15.8 14.4 6.4 j 7.9 j 4,537 16,152
97 Jamaica 0.988 1 0.731 0.739 78.5 73.7 14.4 h 12.8 h 10.0 h 9.5 h 5,898 9,812
98 Tonga 0.960 2 0.707 0.736 76.2 70.2 14.6 l 14.0 l 11.2 h 11.1 h 3,769 7,314
99 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines .. .. .. .. 75.6 71.2 13.4 13.1 .. .. 7,643 13,306
100 Suriname 0.975 2 0.705 0.723 74.9 68.4 13.0 m 12.0 m 8.3 h 8.6 h 9,132 17,449
101 Botswana 0.976 1 0.707 0.725 70.2 64.9 12.8 h 12.5 h 9.2 j 9.5 j 12,613 18,521
101 Maldives 0.919 4 0.679 0.739 78.8 76.7 12.7 m 12.6 m 6.2 i 6.4 i 7,064 18,501
103 Dominica .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
104 Samoa .. .. .. .. 78.5 72.3 12.9 g 12.1 g .. .. 3,778 7,909
105 Uzbekistan 0.945 3 0.687 0.726 74.2 68.6 11.8 12.2 11.2 11.8 4,687 8,264
106 Belize 0.979 1 0.699 0.714 73.6 67.9 13.0 12.7 10.5 h 10.4 h 5,689 8,655
106 Marshall Islands .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 10.7 11.1 .. ..
108 Libya 0.929 3 0.668 0.719 75.1 69.3 13.6 l 13.2 l 7.7 j 7.0 j 4,623 17,472
108 Turkmenistan .. .. .. .. 71.4 64.5 10.5 11.1 .. .. 11,240 20,083
110 Gabon 0.911 4 0.670 0.735 68.2 64.9 12.5 m 13.4 m 7.4 m 9.1 m 11,789 20,825
110 Paraguay 0.972 2 0.690 0.710 75.5 71.1 13.2 12.2 8.4 8.3 6,212 10,486
112 Moldova (Republic of) 1.005 1 0.701 0.698 76.0 67.4 11.9 11.4 11.5 11.7 4,849 6,318
MEDIUM HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
113 Philippines 1.000 1 0.699 0.698 72.8 65.9 12.9 12.3 9.5 h 9.2 h 7,582 10,705
113 South Africa 0.984 1 0.692 0.704 67.0 59.9 13.7 13.1 9.9 10.4 9,060 14,894
115 Egypt 0.872 5 0.636 0.729 74.0 69.5 13.1 13.1 6.5 i 7.9 i 4,081 16,489
116 Indonesia 0.932 3 0.666 0.715 71.6 67.3 12.8 12.8 7.5 8.4 7,259 14,385
116 Viet Nam 1.005 1 0.696 0.692 81.0 71.8 12.9 k 12.5 k 7.9 k 8.5 k 5,345 6,383
118 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 0.929 3 0.665 0.716 72.1 67.0 14.0 14.0 8.2 9.7 4,686 8,737
119 Palestine, State of 0.877 5 0.623 0.710 75.6 71.8 13.7 12.0 8.9 9.3 1,802 8,216
120 Iraq 0.823 5 0.603 0.733 72.3 67.8 10.1 m 12.0 m 5.4 h 7.8 h 6,039 29,250
121 El Salvador 0.969 2 0.663 0.684 78.1 69.1 12.5 12.8 6.7 7.3 5,226 8,722
122 Kyrgyzstan 0.960 2 0.654 0.681 75.1 67.1 13.7 13.2 10.9 m 10.8 m 2,159 4,369
123 Morocco 0.838 5 0.598 0.713 77.2 74.9 12.0 12.8 4.5 i 6.5 i 3,197 11,561
124 Nicaragua 0.966 2 0.642 0.665 78.6 72.6 12.3 11.8 6.9 i 6.4 i 3,434 6,930
125 Cabo Verde 0.949 3 0.632 0.666 74.9 70.9 12.8 12.1 5.9 6.4 4,295 7,683
125 Guyana 0.948 3 0.631 0.666 69.2 64.5 11.7 11.0 8.5 k 8.4 k 4,543 10,295
127 Guatemala 0.948 3 0.630 0.665 76.8 70.4 10.7 10.9 6.4 h 6.5 h 4,768 9,869
127 Tajikistan 0.933 3 0.624 0.669 74.4 68.4 10.5 11.9 10.7 i 10.2 i 2,233 4,392
129 Namibia 1.014 1 0.651 0.642 67.7 61.8 12.4 m 12.2 m 7.2 i 6.6 i 8,895 9,907
130 India 0.841 5 0.575 0.683 70.4 67.3 12.9 11.9 4.8 h 8.2 h 2,722 9,729
131 Micronesia (Federated States of) .. .. .. .. 70.5 68.1 .. .. .. .. .. ..
132 Timor-Leste 0.855 5 0.567 0.663 71.1 67.4 12.3 13.2 3.6 m 5.3 m 3,301 10,282
133 Honduras 0.978 1 0.608 0.622 76.3 71.2 10.7 9.8 6.6 6.5 3,277 5,159
134 Bhutan 0.893 5 0.576 0.645 70.9 70.3 12.4 12.2 2.1 k 4.2 k 6,002 9,889
134 Kiribati .. .. .. .. 69.8 63.2 13.4 12.6 .. .. .. ..
136 Bangladesh 0.881 5 0.567 0.644 74.6 71.2 11.7 h 11.3 h 5.2 j 6.7 j 2,041 5,285
137 Congo 0.934 3 0.583 0.624 66.7 63.5 11.2 11.5 5.5 j 6.7 j 4,905 6,483
138 Vanuatu .. .. .. .. 74.7 70.2 10.4 l 11.1 l .. .. 2,340 3,635
139 Lao People's Democratic Republic 0.934 3 0.579 0.621 68.6 65.4 10.9 11.5 4.6 i 5.7 i 5,354 6,789
140 Ghana 0.910 4 0.563 0.619 64.1 62.0 11.5 11.8 6.3 i 7.9 i 3,349 4,849
141 Equatorial Guinea .. .. .. .. 59.4 56.7 .. .. 4.0 m 7.3 m 14,869 23,258
142 Kenya 0.931 3 0.568 0.610 69.7 64.9 11.7 m 12.5 m 5.7 i 7.1 i 2,529 3,398
143 Sao Tome and Principe 0.892 5 0.550 0.617 68.9 64.6 12.6 12.4 5.6 h 7.1 h 1,780 4,112
144 Eswatini (Kingdom of) 0.943 3 0.568 0.603 61.3 54.9 10.8 11.6 6.1 k 6.9 k 5,722 9,641
144 Zambia 0.941 3 0.569 0.605 65.0 59.6 12.0 m 13.0 m 6.5 m 7.4 m 2,986 4,138
146 Cambodia 0.914 4 0.553 0.605 71.3 67.1 11.2 h 12.2 h 3.8 i 5.6 i 2,970 3,878
147 Angola .. .. .. .. 64.7 59.0 11.0 m 12.7 m .. .. 5,063 6,546
148 Myanmar 0.959 2 0.563 0.586 69.1 64.4 10.3 9.8 4.9 m 4.8 m 3,860 7,355
149 Nepal 0.925 4 0.552 0.598 72.2 69.0 12.6 11.8 3.6 i 6.4 i 2,219 2,738
150 Pakistan 0.750 5 0.465 0.620 67.7 65.6 7.8 9.3 3.8 6.5 1,642 8,786
151 Cameroon 0.866 5 0.513 0.593 59.7 57.5 11.3 13.0 4.7 j 7.6 j 2,751 3,878
LOW HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
152 Solomon Islands .. .. .. .. 72.6 69.5 9.7 g 10.7 g .. .. 1,450 2,281
153 Papua New Guinea .. .. .. .. 68.3 63.3 .. .. 3.8 i 5.3 i 3,002 3,789
154 Tanzania (United Republic of) 0.928 3 0.517 0.557 68.1 64.6 8.6 m 9.3 m 5.4 i 6.2 i 2,282 3,037
155 Syrian Arab Republic 0.788 5 0.443 0.563 77.4 65.4 8.7 8.8 4.6 n 5.6 n 561 4,077
156 Zimbabwe 0.924 4 0.513 0.555 63.5 59.8 10.2 10.5 7.5 8.9 1,431 1,948
157 Nigeria 0.868 5 0.494 0.569 54.7 53.1 9.2 m 10.8 m 5.0 m 7.3 m 4,433 6,008
158 Rwanda 0.941 3 0.508 0.540 69.6 65.3 11.2 11.2 3.7 h 4.7 h 1,568 2,064
159 Lesotho 1.004 1 0.519 0.516 56.7 52.2 11.0 10.2 7.0 i 5.5 i 2,608 3,940
159 Mauritania 0.845 5 0.470 0.556 64.9 61.9 8.5 8.6 3.5 i 5.5 i 1,936 5,221
161 Madagascar 0.962 2 0.511 0.531 67.9 64.7 10.5 10.6 6.7 m 6.1 m 1,173 1,544
162 Uganda 0.865 5 0.475 0.550 62.4 58.0 11.0 m 12.2 m 4.7 m 7.2 m 1,212 2,109
163 Benin 0.875 5 0.479 0.547 62.7 59.6 11.1 14.0 3.0 k 4.3 k 1,795 2,329
164 Senegal 0.911 4 0.481 0.528 69.4 65.4 10.0 9.3 2.4 3.8 1,691 3,101
165 Comoros 0.876 5 0.465 0.531 65.7 62.2 11.1 11.4 3.7 m 5.6 m 1,027 1,764
165 Togo 0.822 5 0.446 0.542 61.3 59.6 10.0 m 13.2 m 3.3 m 6.5 m 1,265 1,643
167 Sudan 0.831 5 0.446 0.537 66.3 63.1 7.2 7.7 3.1 i 4.1 i 1,785 6,455
168 Afghanistan 0.625 5 0.364 0.583 65.4 62.8 8.0 12.7 1.9 i 6.0 i 541 3,030
168 Haiti .. .. .. .. 65.8 61.4 .. .. 4.3 m 6.6 m 1,400 1,937
170 Côte d'Ivoire 0.841 5 0.446 0.531 55.7 52.7 8.1 10.0 4.0 i 6.2 i 2,529 4,409
171 Malawi 0.936 3 0.460 0.492 66.2 61.0 10.9 10.8 4.0 i 5.1 i 897 1,235
172 Djibouti .. .. .. .. 64.4 61.0 5.8 6.7 .. .. 2,491 4,286
173 Ethiopia 0.846 5 0.424 0.501 67.8 64.0 8.2 h 9.1 h 1.6 m 3.8 m 1,304 2,136
174 Gambia 0.890 5 0.434 0.487 62.8 60.1 9.3 9.2 2.9 i 4.3 i 1,168 1,870
175 Guinea 0.810 5 0.411 0.507 61.2 60.1 7.8 10.4 1.5 m 3.9 m 1,804 2,328
176 Congo (Democratic Republic of the) 0.852 5 0.420 0.493 61.5 58.5 8.7 10.6 5.3 h 8.4 h 703 889
177 Guinea-Bissau .. .. .. .. 59.5 56.0 .. .. .. .. 1,269 1,843
178 Yemen 0.425 5 0.223 0.524 66.6 63.7 7.6 h 10.3 h 1.9 j 4.2 j 149 2,308
179 Eritrea .. .. .. .. 67.7 63.4 4.9 5.8 .. .. 1,451 2,048
180 Mozambique 0.904 4 0.414 0.458 61.0 56.7 9.2 10.2 2.5 h 4.6 h 1,052 1,135
181 Liberia 0.846 5 0.398 0.470 64.0 62.0 9.3 m 10.6 m 3.5 i 6.1 i 577 755
182 Mali 0.811 5 0.380 0.469 59.2 57.7 6.8 8.6 1.7 h 3.0 h 1,345 2,560
183 Burkina Faso 0.870 5 0.393 0.452 61.4 60.0 8.3 8.8 1.0 m 2.0 m 1,289 2,014
184 Sierra Leone 0.872 5 0.389 0.446 52.8 51.6 9.3 m 10.2 m 2.7 i 4.3 i 1,096 1,387
185 Burundi 1.002 1 0.419 0.418 59.9 55.9 11.3 12.1 2.7 m 3.7 m 807 594
186 Chad 0.775 5 0.350 0.452 54.5 52.0 6.4 9.5 1.2 m 3.4 m 1,412 2,088
187 South Sudan 0.826 5 0.348 0.422 58.3 56.3 3.8 m 6.3 m 4.0 5.3 843 1,083
188 Central African Republic 0.780 5 0.319 0.409 54.8 51.0 5.9 h 8.5 h 3.0 i 5.6 i 521 809
189 Niger 0.812 5 0.317 0.391 61.5 59.4 4.7 6.0 1.5 i 2.6 i 691 1,119
OTHER COUNTRIES OR TERRITORIES
Korea (Democratic People's Rep. of) .. .. .. .. 75.3 68.3 .. .. .. .. .. ..
Monaco .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Nauru .. .. .. .. .. .. 10.8 9.9 .. .. .. ..
San Marino .. .. .. .. .. .. 15.6 14.6 .. .. .. ..
Somalia .. .. .. .. 58.4 55.1 .. .. .. .. .. ..
Tuvalu .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Human development groups
Very high human development 0.983 — 0.884 0.899 82.4 76.7 16.9 16.0 12.2 12.3 30,276 50,033
High human development 0.957 — 0.740 0.773 78.2 74.0 14.3 13.9 8.0 8.6 10,945 18,948
Medium human development 0.878 — 0.598 0.680 71.1 67.2 12.2 11.8 5.6 7.9 3,673 9,906
Low human development 0.862 — 0.465 0.540 62.3 59.2 8.7 10.1 3.8 5.7 1,915 3,126
Developing countries 0.917 — 0.649 0.708 72.7 68.8 12.2 12.2 6.7 8.1 6,562 13,441
Regions
Arab States 0.855 — 0.630 0.736 73.4 69.8 11.6 12.2 6.2 7.7 5,380 25,533
East Asia and the Pacific 0.957 — 0.717 0.750 76.7 72.8 13.5 13.2 7.6 8.3 10,689 16,568
Europe and Central Asia 0.956 — 0.751 0.785 77.0 69.7 13.9 14.2 9.9 10.6 10,413 20,529
Latin America and the Caribbean 0.977 — 0.748 0.765 78.9 72.6 15.0 14.1 8.5 8.5 9,622 17,809
South Asia 0.837 — 0.571 0.682 70.9 67.8 12.1 11.7 5.0 8.0 2,694 10,035
Sub-Saharan Africa 0.893 — 0.506 0.567 62.4 59.0 9.5 10.6 4.7 6.5 2,763 4,034
Least developed countries 0.868 — 0.486 0.559 66.5 63.1 9.4 10.4 3.9 5.6 1,744 3,272
Small island developing states 0.953 — 0.675 0.708 73.5 68.6 .. .. 8.1 8.7 5,298 10,012
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 0.976 — 0.881 0.903 83.1 78.0 16.6 15.9 11.8 12.1 30,325 49,125
World 0.941 — 0.705 0.749 74.4 70.1 12.8 12.7 7.9 9.0 10,986 19,525

Notes
a. Because disaggregated income data are not available, data are crudely estimated. See Definitions and Technical note 3 at http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2018_technical_notes.pdf for details on how the Gender Development Index is calculated.
b. Countries are divided into five groups by absolute deviation from gender parity in HDI values.
c. Data refer to 2017 or the most recent year available.
d. In calculating the HDI value, expected years of schooling is capped at 18 years.
e. In calculating the male HDI value, estimated gross national income per capita is capped at $75,000.
f. Based on data from OECD (2017a).
g. Based on data from national statistical office.
h. Updated by HDRO based on data from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2018).
i. Based on Barro and Lee (2016).
j. Updated by HDRO using Barro and Lee (2016) estimates.
k. Based on data from United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys for 2006-2017.
l. Based on cross-country regression.
m. Updated by HDRO based on data from ICF Macro Demographic and Health Surveys for 2006-2017.
n. Updated by HDRO based on Syrian Center for Policy Research (2017).

Definitions
Gender Development Index: Ratio of female to male HDI values. See Technical note 3 at http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2018_technical_notes.pdf for details on how the Gender Development Index is calculated.
Gender Development Index groups: Countries are divided into five groups by absolute deviation from gender parity in HDI values. Group 1 comprises countries with high equality in HDI achievements between women and men (absolute deviation of less than 2.5 percent), group 2 comprises countries with medium to high equality in HDI achievements between women and men (absolute deviation of 2.5-5 percent), group 3 comprises countries with medium equality in HDI achievements between women and men (absolute deviation of 5-7.5 percent), group 4 comprises countries with medium to low equality in HDI achievements between women and men (absolute deviation of 7.5-10 percent) and group 5 comprises countries with low equality in HDI achievements between women and men (absolute deviation from gender parity of more than 10 percent).
Human Development Index (HDI): A composite index measuring average achievement in three basic dimensions of human development—a long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of living. See Technical note 1 at http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2018_technical_notes.pdf for details on how the HDI is calculated.
Life expectancy at birth: Number of years a newborn infant could expect to live if prevailing patterns of age-specific mortality rates at the time of birth stay the same throughout the infant’s life.
Expected years of schooling: Number of years of schooling that a child of school entrance age can expect to receive if prevailing patterns of age-specific enrolment rates persist throughout the child’s life.
Mean years of schooling: Average number of years of education received by people ages 25 and older, converted from educational attainment levels using official durations of each level.
Estimated gross national income per capita: Derived from the ratio of female to male wages, female and male shares of economically active population and gross national income (in 2011 purchasing power parity terms). See Technical note 3 at http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2018_technical_notes.pdf for details.

Main data sources
Column 1: Calculated based on data in columns 3 and 4.
Column 2: Calculated based on data in column 1.
Columns 3 and 4: HDRO calculations based on data from UNDESA (2017a), UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2018), Barro and Lee (2016), World Bank (2018b), ILO (2018a) and IMF (2018).
Columns 5 and 6: UNDESA (2017a).
Columns 7 and 8: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2018), ICF Macro Demographic and Health Surveys, UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys and OECD (2017a).
Columns 9 and 10: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2018), Barro and Lee (2016), ICF Macro Demographic and Health Surveys, UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys and OECD (2017a).
Columns 11 and 12: HDRO calculations based on ILO (2018a), UNDESA (2017a), World Bank (2018b) and IMF (2018).