Education index

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Education index

Source: Calculated using Mean Years of Schooling and Expected Years of Schooling.

Data in the tables are those available to the Human Development Report Office as of 15 November, 2013, unless otherwise specified.

HDI Rank Country 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
1 Norway 0.666 0.699 0.750 0.805 0.870 0.910 0.912 0.909 0.903 0.902 0.907 0.910 0.910 0.910
2 Australia 0.870 0.870 0.874 0.894 0.895 0.902 0.905 0.907 0.913 0.916 0.919 0.922 0.927 0.927
3 Switzerland 0.678 0.675 0.695 0.726 0.804 0.822 0.827 0.828 0.830 0.834 0.841 0.844 0.844 0.844
4 Netherlands 0.667 0.686 0.744 0.811 0.824 0.844 0.850 0.860 0.860 0.859 0.866 0.892 0.894 0.894
5 United States 0.790 0.805 0.834 0.861 0.850 0.867 0.870 0.876 0.880 0.884 0.887 0.890 0.890 0.890
6 Germany 0.590 0.600 0.646 0.739 0.787 0.858 0.872 0.875 0.877 0.879 0.879 0.884 0.884 0.884
7 New Zealand 0.760 0.772 0.794 0.864 0.885 0.908 0.910 0.911 0.913 0.915 0.917 0.917 0.917 0.917
8 Canada 0.749 0.763 0.809 0.826 0.808 0.853 0.853 0.852 0.851 0.851 0.850 0.850 0.850 0.850
9 Singapore .. .. 0.545 0.580 0.606 0.667 0.684 0.698 0.714 0.715 0.759 0.759 0.759 0.768
10 Denmark 0.672 0.704 0.711 0.751 0.804 0.864 0.863 0.865 0.867 0.868 0.873 0.873 0.873 0.873
11 Ireland 0.633 0.666 0.697 0.743 0.837 0.866 0.867 0.880 0.884 0.886 0.887 0.887 0.887 0.887
12 Sweden 0.659 0.665 0.692 0.792 0.866 0.830 0.827 0.824 0.824 0.823 0.833 0.830 0.830 0.830
13 Iceland 0.598 0.639 0.673 0.732 0.786 0.829 0.833 0.836 0.840 0.843 0.847 0.847 0.847 0.847
14 United Kingdom 0.608 0.622 0.642 0.791 0.836 0.866 0.854 0.852 0.859 0.865 0.878 0.860 0.860 0.860
15 Hong Kong, China (SAR) 0.530 0.589 0.626 0.639 0.648 0.683 0.690 0.713 0.748 0.758 0.759 0.762 0.767 0.767
15 Korea (Republic of) 0.565 0.638 0.679 0.743 0.797 0.837 0.843 0.848 0.854 0.856 0.862 0.865 0.865 0.865
17 Japan 0.663 0.681 0.699 0.740 0.767 0.785 0.790 0.792 0.795 0.800 0.802 0.808 0.808 0.808
18 Liechtenstein .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.750 0.762 0.762 0.762
19 Israel 0.675 0.706 0.714 0.764 0.820 0.848 0.846 0.849 0.844 0.847 0.848 0.851 0.854 0.854
20 France 0.543 0.571 0.633 0.728 0.761 0.790 0.792 0.796 0.800 0.803 0.807 0.813 0.816 0.816
21 Austria 0.592 0.614 0.661 0.699 0.730 0.747 0.756 0.759 0.771 0.780 0.794 0.794 0.794 0.794
21 Belgium 0.626 0.655 0.705 0.804 0.835 0.792 0.794 0.796 0.797 0.802 0.807 0.812 0.812 0.812
21 Luxembourg 0.551 0.584 0.598 0.641 0.734 0.743 0.744 0.746 0.748 0.755 0.762 0.762 0.762 0.762
24 Finland 0.645 0.665 0.691 0.758 0.765 0.812 0.816 0.814 0.815 0.808 0.812 0.815 0.815 0.815
25 Slovenia .. 0.653 0.697 0.724 0.794 0.842 0.849 0.850 0.854 0.858 0.864 0.862 0.863 0.863
26 Italy 0.542 0.556 0.592 0.650 0.695 0.762 0.768 0.775 0.779 0.780 0.784 0.790 0.790 0.790
27 Spain 0.516 0.551 0.596 0.694 0.721 0.742 0.747 0.753 0.763 0.768 0.783 0.792 0.794 0.794
28 Czech Republic .. 0.689 0.693 0.726 0.783 0.850 0.848 0.854 0.851 0.860 0.863 0.866 0.866 0.866
29 Greece 0.543 0.595 0.596 0.637 0.680 0.794 0.803 0.792 0.794 0.795 0.797 0.797 0.797 0.797
30 Brunei Darussalam 0.519 0.541 0.589 0.626 0.646 0.672 0.682 0.681 0.677 0.682 0.678 0.681 0.692 0.692
31 Qatar 0.479 0.513 0.508 0.562 0.612 0.673 0.686 0.699 0.703 0.689 0.680 0.671 0.686 0.686
32 Cyprus 0.465 0.513 0.546 0.655 0.676 0.731 0.740 0.751 0.765 0.778 0.765 0.771 0.776 0.776
33 Estonia .. .. 0.674 0.705 0.808 0.855 0.853 0.854 0.852 0.852 0.859 0.859 0.859 0.859
34 Saudi Arabia 0.304 0.363 0.427 0.482 0.565 0.617 0.624 0.630 0.641 0.660 0.688 0.707 0.721 0.723
35 Lithuania .. .. 0.662 0.668 0.767 0.850 0.856 0.864 0.872 0.882 0.883 0.877 0.877 0.877
35 Poland 0.591 0.628 0.667 0.720 0.780 0.795 0.797 0.799 0.801 0.808 0.817 0.823 0.825 0.825
37 Andorra .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.670 0.670 0.670 0.670
37 Slovakia .. .. 0.680 0.708 0.743 0.784 0.789 0.797 0.800 0.802 0.805 0.802 0.802 0.802
39 Malta 0.580 0.584 0.585 0.587 0.616 0.684 0.682 0.679 0.688 0.705 0.722 0.722 0.733 0.733
40 United Arab Emirates 0.358 0.416 0.471 0.543 0.604 0.649 0.654 0.659 0.664 0.669 0.673 0.673 0.673 0.673
41 Chile 0.528 0.576 0.625 0.615 0.650 0.707 0.705 0.717 0.740 0.737 0.740 0.746 0.746 0.746
41 Portugal 0.451 0.502 0.535 0.631 0.656 0.661 0.667 0.677 0.690 0.701 0.713 0.720 0.728 0.728
43 Hungary 0.604 0.625 0.597 0.700 0.755 0.793 0.797 0.798 0.799 0.801 0.808 0.805 0.805 0.805
44 Bahrain 0.425 0.535 0.574 0.619 0.656 0.711 0.703 0.706 0.708 0.711 0.714 0.714 0.714 0.714
44 Cuba 0.553 0.586 0.625 0.620 0.660 0.735 0.771 0.803 0.819 0.819 0.790 0.768 0.743 0.743
46 Kuwait 0.454 0.514 0.471 0.524 0.637 0.609 0.610 0.612 0.619 0.626 0.633 0.639 0.646 0.646
47 Croatia .. .. 0.497 0.553 0.656 0.708 0.719 0.729 0.737 0.744 0.760 0.770 0.770 0.770
48 Latvia 0.580 0.605 0.601 0.622 0.709 0.796 0.804 0.814 0.824 0.823 0.822 0.813 0.813 0.813
49 Argentina 0.538 0.598 0.627 0.648 0.711 0.726 0.730 0.729 0.732 0.756 0.783 0.783 0.783 0.783
50 Uruguay 0.545 0.567 0.597 0.609 0.660 0.691 0.693 0.708 0.709 0.709 0.707 0.710 0.712 0.712
51 Bahamas .. .. .. .. 0.668 0.708 0.708 0.714 0.714 0.714 0.714 0.714 0.714 0.714
51 Montenegro .. .. .. .. .. 0.717 0.730 0.744 0.757 0.768 0.774 0.774 0.774 0.774
53 Belarus .. .. .. .. .. 0.717 0.738 0.759 0.779 0.812 0.812 0.817 0.820 0.820
54 Belize 0.538 0.548 0.563 0.578 0.603 0.660 0.676 0.678 0.679 0.676 0.675 0.678 0.689 0.689
54 Romania 0.597 0.618 0.637 0.624 0.654 0.709 0.717 0.732 0.748 0.754 0.747 0.748 0.748 0.748
55 Libya 0.421 0.459 0.516 0.571 0.625 0.660 0.667 0.675 0.683 0.690 0.698 0.698 0.698 0.698
56 Oman .. .. .. .. .. 0.527 0.527 0.539 0.556 0.589 0.596 0.603 0.603 0.603
57 Russian Federation 0.576 0.619 0.660 0.660 0.723 0.764 0.765 0.769 0.772 0.779 0.780 0.780 0.780 0.780
58 Bulgaria 0.579 0.610 0.632 0.646 0.676 0.710 0.713 0.725 0.728 0.735 0.747 0.749 0.749 0.749
59 Barbados 0.549 0.612 0.628 0.662 0.684 0.714 0.720 0.725 0.736 0.747 0.743 0.740 0.740 0.740
60 Palau .. .. .. .. 0.760 0.787 0.787 0.787 0.787 0.787 0.787 0.787 0.787 0.787
61 Antigua and Barbuda .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.687 0.681 0.681 0.681
62 Malaysia 0.398 0.458 0.487 0.536 0.602 0.651 0.655 0.659 0.663 0.667 0.671 0.671 0.671 0.671
63 Mauritius 0.402 0.430 0.482 0.519 0.574 0.638 0.648 0.656 0.666 0.679 0.686 0.696 0.718 0.718
64 Trinidad and Tobago 0.533 0.545 0.558 0.575 0.607 0.684 0.689 0.695 0.700 0.700 0.700 0.700 0.700 0.700
65 Lebanon .. .. .. .. .. 0.633 0.622 0.625 0.625 0.628 0.628 0.633 0.631 0.631
65 Panama 0.505 0.524 0.536 0.576 0.623 0.653 0.656 0.655 0.658 0.658 0.663 0.657 0.657 0.657
67 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 0.441 0.461 0.453 0.475 0.513 0.594 0.618 0.650 0.670 0.674 0.682 0.682 0.682 0.682
68 Costa Rica 0.445 0.464 0.503 0.546 0.584 0.594 0.602 0.611 0.627 0.637 0.640 0.652 0.654 0.654
69 Turkey 0.304 0.363 0.398 0.427 0.493 0.531 0.545 0.557 0.563 0.582 0.625 0.648 0.652 0.652
70 Kazakhstan 0.534 0.581 0.606 0.633 0.683 0.755 0.759 0.758 0.759 0.755 0.754 0.759 0.762 0.762
71 Mexico 0.417 0.468 0.479 0.511 0.544 0.588 0.601 0.604 0.612 0.621 0.631 0.636 0.638 0.638
71 Seychelles .. .. .. .. 0.666 0.691 0.689 0.686 0.683 0.633 0.678 0.636 0.636 0.636
73 Saint Kitts and Nevis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.638 0.638 0.638 0.638 0.638
73 Sri Lanka 0.513 0.547 0.592 0.633 0.679 0.709 0.715 0.721 0.726 0.729 0.738 0.738 0.738 0.738
75 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 0.309 0.333 0.382 0.477 0.526 0.554 0.570 0.587 0.606 0.617 0.625 0.639 0.683 0.683
76 Azerbaijan .. .. .. .. 0.638 0.667 0.673 0.679 0.679 0.687 0.697 0.700 0.700 0.700
77 Jordan 0.433 0.466 0.495 0.644 0.671 0.707 0.706 0.707 0.714 0.708 0.703 0.700 0.700 0.700
77 Serbia .. .. 0.646 0.668 0.686 0.691 0.692 0.693 0.697 0.697 0.695 0.695 0.695 0.695
79 Brazil 0.362 0.415 0.463 0.524 0.581 0.614 0.627 0.639 0.657 0.658 0.662 0.661 0.661 0.661
79 Georgia .. .. .. .. .. 0.754 0.751 0.768 0.759 0.770 0.770 0.770 0.770 0.770
79 Grenada .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.724 0.724 0.724 0.724
82 Peru 0.485 0.523 0.553 0.584 0.642 0.635 0.633 0.629 0.631 0.633 0.656 0.660 0.664 0.664
83 Ukraine 0.581 0.614 0.646 0.679 0.705 0.765 0.772 0.776 0.779 0.783 0.784 0.790 0.796 0.796
84 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia .. .. .. .. .. 0.597 0.603 0.609 0.636 0.639 0.642 0.642 0.642 0.642
86 Bosnia and Herzegovina .. .. .. .. .. 0.653 0.651 0.648 0.652 0.649 0.650 0.655 0.655 0.655
87 Armenia .. .. 0.633 0.631 0.668 0.671 0.685 0.701 0.690 0.701 0.701 0.701 0.701 0.701
88 Fiji 0.498 0.517 0.557 0.609 0.671 0.694 0.710 0.723 0.735 0.747 0.759 0.767 0.767 0.767
89 Thailand 0.343 0.377 0.386 0.433 0.516 0.569 0.559 0.582 0.589 0.601 0.608 0.608 0.608 0.608
90 Tunisia 0.298 0.362 0.403 0.460 0.525 0.580 0.588 0.597 0.605 0.610 0.619 0.621 0.621 0.621
91 China 0.358 0.366 0.406 0.436 0.478 0.531 0.544 0.561 0.575 0.590 0.599 0.610 0.610 0.610
91 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.657 0.657 0.657 0.657 0.657
93 Algeria 0.321 0.347 0.382 0.424 0.493 0.563 0.570 0.581 0.598 0.615 0.631 0.643 0.643 0.643
93 Dominica .. .. .. .. 0.617 0.617 0.617 0.617 0.607 0.607 0.607 0.607 0.607 0.607
95 Albania 0.541 0.528 0.537 0.529 0.565 0.595 0.596 0.598 0.600 0.601 0.602 0.609 0.609 0.609
96 Jamaica 0.483 0.496 0.527 0.564 0.588 0.648 0.652 0.656 0.660 0.664 0.668 0.668 0.668 0.668
97 Saint Lucia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.637 0.626 0.631 0.631 0.631
98 Colombia 0.387 0.406 0.439 0.489 0.536 0.574 0.580 0.591 0.603 0.609 0.611 0.613 0.602 0.602
98 Ecuador 0.507 0.550 0.555 0.546 0.547 0.583 0.585 0.587 0.589 0.592 0.594 0.594 0.594 0.594
100 Suriname .. .. .. .. .. 0.588 0.588 0.588 0.588 0.588 0.588 0.588 0.588 0.588
100 Tonga 0.628 0.622 0.648 0.679 0.664 0.710 0.712 0.714 0.716 0.718 0.720 0.720 0.720 0.720
102 Dominican Republic 0.393 0.452 0.481 0.510 0.540 0.576 0.579 0.582 0.583 0.583 0.584 0.587 0.590 0.590
103 Maldives .. .. .. .. 0.484 0.520 0.525 0.531 0.537 0.542 0.548 0.548 0.548 0.548
103 Mongolia 0.477 0.505 0.537 0.472 0.532 0.627 0.636 0.649 0.661 0.674 0.683 0.688 0.694 0.694
103 Turkmenistan .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.679 0.679 0.679 0.679
106 Samoa .. .. .. .. 0.677 0.697 0.702 0.702 0.702 0.702 0.702 0.702 0.702 0.702
107 Palestine (State of) .. .. .. .. .. 0.613 0.620 0.639 0.643 0.650 0.652 0.656 0.662 0.662
108 Indonesia 0.345 0.392 0.393 0.424 0.521 0.559 0.564 0.565 0.567 0.588 0.594 0.603 0.603 0.603
109 Botswana 0.282 0.363 0.459 0.516 0.576 0.607 0.603 0.607 0.611 0.615 0.619 0.619 0.619 0.619
110 Egypt 0.279 0.349 0.386 0.434 0.486 0.525 0.534 0.544 0.553 0.562 0.573 0.573 0.573 0.573
111 Paraguay 0.382 0.412 0.428 0.476 0.524 0.577 0.565 0.564 0.574 0.583 0.587 0.587 0.587 0.587
112 Gabon 0.380 0.434 0.474 0.510 0.545 0.571 0.575 0.578 0.582 0.586 0.589 0.589 0.589 0.589
113 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 0.411 0.466 0.528 0.577 0.620 0.654 0.655 0.656 0.662 0.668 0.674 0.674 0.674 0.674
114 Moldova (Republic of) .. .. 0.600 0.591 0.618 0.646 0.654 0.654 0.657 0.654 0.653 0.656 0.653 0.653
115 El Salvador 0.317 0.340 0.367 0.413 0.469 0.528 0.531 0.530 0.531 0.537 0.541 0.548 0.553 0.553
116 Uzbekistan .. .. .. .. .. 0.654 0.654 0.654 0.651 0.651 0.651 0.651 0.651 0.651
117 Philippines 0.488 0.517 0.536 0.557 0.582 0.608 0.603 0.609 0.614 0.608 0.610 0.610 0.610 0.610
118 South Africa 0.468 0.468 0.533 0.637 0.655 0.659 0.661 0.666 0.669 0.682 0.685 0.687 0.695 0.695
118 Syrian Arab Republic 0.347 0.399 0.422 0.420 0.451 0.534 .. 0.539 0.538 0.545 0.548 0.553 0.553 0.553
120 Iraq 0.341 0.342 0.362 0.381 0.401 0.456 0.458 0.460 0.462 0.465 0.467 0.467 0.467 0.467
121 Guyana 0.463 0.482 0.512 0.531 0.553 0.587 0.581 0.574 0.575 0.573 0.576 0.582 0.582 0.582
121 Vietnam 0.381 0.376 0.349 0.387 0.434 0.470 0.478 0.486 0.494 0.502 0.509 0.513 0.513 0.513
123 Cape Verde .. .. .. .. 0.442 0.442 0.461 0.458 0.464 0.467 0.472 0.483 0.483 0.483
124 Micronesia (Federated States of) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.611 0.611 0.611 0.611
125 Guatemala 0.247 0.262 0.290 0.318 0.365 0.399 0.409 0.428 0.439 0.451 0.462 0.473 0.484 0.484
125 Kyrgyzstan .. .. 0.598 0.578 0.634 0.656 0.659 0.660 0.658 0.653 0.651 0.656 0.656 0.656
127 Namibia 0.451 0.471 0.495 0.528 0.508 0.515 0.514 0.515 0.517 0.519 0.520 0.520 0.520 0.520
128 Timor-Leste .. .. .. .. 0.362 0.379 0.399 0.419 0.439 0.459 0.472 0.472 0.472 0.472
129 Honduras 0.310 0.347 0.354 0.383 0.419 0.458 0.466 0.473 0.483 0.492 0.502 0.507 0.505 0.505
129 Morocco 0.205 0.242 0.254 0.292 0.346 0.408 0.411 0.422 0.431 0.440 0.454 0.468 0.468 0.468
131 Vanuatu .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.596 0.596 0.596 0.596 0.596 0.596
132 Nicaragua 0.327 0.325 0.343 0.387 0.425 0.463 0.467 0.471 0.476 0.480 0.484 0.484 0.484 0.484
133 Kiribati .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.602 0.602 0.602 0.602
133 Tajikistan .. .. 0.634 0.607 0.601 0.630 0.635 0.631 0.639 0.638 0.639 0.639 0.639 0.639
135 India 0.240 0.282 0.311 0.339 0.355 0.409 0.420 0.430 0.442 0.445 0.456 0.473 0.473 0.473
136 Bhutan .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.410 0.421 0.421 0.421
136 Cambodia 0.353 0.358 0.363 0.372 0.400 0.478 0.485 0.491 0.494 0.495 0.495 0.495 0.495 0.495
138 Ghana 0.327 0.358 0.503 0.411 0.433 0.460 0.477 0.496 0.516 0.522 0.535 0.544 0.553 0.553
139 Lao People's Democratic Republic 0.246 0.256 0.288 0.310 0.352 0.385 0.390 0.395 0.403 0.414 0.422 0.436 0.436 0.436
140 Congo 0.440 0.464 0.456 0.445 0.410 0.459 0.467 0.475 0.483 0.491 0.499 0.505 0.511 0.511
141 Zambia 0.319 0.362 0.375 0.457 0.488 0.538 0.546 0.554 0.561 0.569 0.577 0.584 0.591 0.591
142 Bangladesh 0.202 0.219 0.251 0.292 0.330 0.381 0.388 0.395 0.397 0.415 0.433 0.447 0.447 0.447
142 Sao Tome and Principe .. .. .. .. 0.392 0.422 0.430 0.439 0.441 0.458 0.455 0.462 0.469 0.469
144 Equatorial Guinea .. .. .. .. 0.415 0.415 0.415 0.415 0.415 0.415 0.415 0.415 0.415 0.415
145 Nepal 0.155 0.205 0.284 0.306 0.337 0.366 0.384 0.387 0.398 0.418 0.444 0.452 0.452 0.452
146 Pakistan 0.161 0.184 0.198 0.230 0.261 0.331 0.326 0.338 0.338 0.352 0.359 0.366 0.372 0.372
147 Kenya 0.348 0.369 0.392 0.414 0.431 0.467 0.472 0.491 0.502 0.512 0.515 0.515 0.515 0.515
148 Swaziland 0.355 0.395 0.426 0.448 0.459 0.494 0.514 0.523 0.531 0.539 0.547 0.551 0.551 0.551
149 Angola .. .. .. .. 0.299 0.365 0.380 0.395 0.410 0.426 0.441 0.474 0.474 0.474
150 Myanmar 0.222 0.247 0.243 0.286 0.310 0.343 0.351 0.360 0.363 0.367 0.371 0.371 0.371 0.371
151 Rwanda 0.174 0.203 0.217 0.241 0.278 0.324 0.355 0.356 0.354 0.366 0.375 0.387 0.478 0.478
152 Cameroon 0.265 0.300 0.336 0.344 0.357 0.408 0.406 0.429 0.446 0.463 0.480 0.486 0.486 0.486
152 Nigeria .. .. .. .. .. 0.415 0.417 0.419 0.421 0.423 0.425 0.425 0.425 0.425
154 Yemen .. .. 0.218 0.229 0.257 0.304 0.307 0.310 0.313 0.321 0.328 0.339 0.339 0.339
155 Madagascar .. .. .. .. 0.398 0.422 0.431 0.433 0.442 0.456 0.457 0.457 0.458 0.458
156 Zimbabwe 0.288 0.450 0.423 0.457 0.471 0.483 0.487 0.490 0.493 0.497 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500
157 Papua New Guinea 0.155 0.176 0.208 0.241 0.285 0.326 0.335 0.344 0.353 0.361 0.370 0.376 0.376 0.376
157 Solomon Islands .. .. .. .. 0.333 0.383 0.400 0.405 0.405 0.405 0.405 0.405 0.405 0.405
159 Comoros .. .. .. .. .. 0.402 0.409 0.416 0.423 0.430 0.437 0.443 0.450 0.450
159 Tanzania (United Republic of) 0.288 0.269 0.273 0.286 0.325 0.369 0.379 0.389 0.399 0.401 0.403 0.426 0.426 0.426
161 Mauritania 0.165 0.172 0.180 0.242 0.280 0.311 0.322 0.325 0.319 0.336 0.338 0.341 0.352 0.352
162 Lesotho 0.352 0.395 0.414 0.429 0.449 0.474 0.477 0.483 0.489 0.495 0.500 0.502 0.504 0.504
163 Senegal 0.180 0.204 0.226 0.245 0.266 0.312 0.324 0.329 0.343 0.357 0.364 0.368 0.368 0.368
164 Uganda 0.174 0.234 0.251 0.266 0.426 0.449 0.446 0.452 0.466 0.475 0.479 0.479 0.479 0.479
165 Benin 0.144 0.186 0.201 0.235 0.269 0.339 0.352 0.364 0.377 0.390 0.403 0.414 0.414 0.414
166 Sudan 0.133 0.143 0.159 0.175 0.206 0.261 0.272 0.283 0.293 0.304 0.306 0.306 0.306 0.306
166 Togo 0.316 0.279 0.311 0.355 0.407 0.446 0.460 0.449 0.466 0.483 0.501 0.514 0.514 0.514
168 Haiti 0.189 0.253 0.285 0.307 0.331 0.355 0.359 0.363 0.367 0.371 0.374 0.374 0.374 0.374
169 Afghanistan 0.076 0.103 0.121 0.175 0.226 0.297 0.309 0.321 0.332 0.344 0.357 0.365 0.365 0.365
170 Djibouti .. .. .. .. .. 0.248 0.253 0.267 0.278 0.284 0.295 0.306 0.306 0.306
171 Cote d'Ivoire 0.204 0.217 0.232 0.261 0.302 0.343 0.351 0.359 0.368 0.376 0.384 0.389 0.389 0.389
172 Gambia 0.162 0.171 0.191 0.210 0.256 0.307 0.318 0.329 0.340 0.343 0.346 0.346 0.346 0.346
173 Ethiopia .. .. .. .. 0.169 0.233 0.252 0.281 0.301 0.305 0.300 0.314 0.317 0.317
174 Malawi 0.192 0.197 0.229 0.399 0.388 0.380 0.388 0.387 0.403 0.419 0.434 0.440 0.440 0.440
175 Liberia 0.170 0.216 0.264 0.312 0.344 0.349 0.353 0.357 0.360 0.364 0.367 0.367 0.367 0.367
176 Mali 0.079 0.073 0.085 0.118 0.177 0.239 0.251 0.263 0.276 0.286 0.294 0.301 0.305 0.305
177 Guinea-Bissau .. .. .. .. .. 0.314 0.325 0.325 0.325 0.325 0.325 0.325 0.325 0.325
178 Mozambique 0.158 0.141 0.130 0.138 0.222 0.324 0.334 0.353 0.366 0.374 0.373 0.372 0.372 0.372
179 Guinea .. .. .. .. .. 0.253 0.267 0.278 0.281 0.281 0.286 0.292 0.294 0.294
180 Burundi 0.086 0.135 0.170 0.182 0.187 0.242 0.281 0.303 0.327 0.351 0.370 0.370 0.370 0.370
181 Burkina Faso .. .. .. .. .. 0.172 0.178 0.192 0.206 0.217 0.228 0.242 0.250 0.250
182 Eritrea .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.228 0.228 0.228 0.228
183 Sierra Leone 0.164 0.199 0.183 0.221 0.274 0.286 0.288 0.290 0.292 0.294 0.296 0.305 0.305 0.305
184 Chad .. .. .. .. 0.186 0.203 0.210 0.218 0.225 0.236 0.236 0.256 0.256 0.256
185 Central African Republic 0.176 0.208 0.213 0.211 0.248 0.280 0.286 0.291 0.296 0.302 0.311 0.318 0.318 0.318
186 Congo (Democratic Republic of the) 0.241 0.249 0.253 0.272 0.297 0.316 0.320 0.323 0.346 0.349 0.355 0.361 0.372 0.372
187 Niger 0.060 0.070 0.084 0.098 0.118 0.149 0.152 0.159 0.165 0.172 0.184 0.192 0.198 0.198
Korea (Democratic People's Republic of) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Marshall Islands .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Monaco .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Nauru .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
San Marino .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Somalia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
South Sudan .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Tuvalu .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Footnotes
Symbols
.. Data not available
(.) Greater (or less) than zero but small enough to be rounded off to zero at the displayed number of decimal points
< Less than
- Not applicable
T Total
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