What is the human poverty index (HPI-1 and HPI-2)?
Poverty has traditionally been measured as a lack of income - but this is
far too narrow a definition. Human poverty is a concept that captures the many
dimensions of poverty that exist in both poor and rich countries—it is the
denial of choices and opportunities for living a life one has reason to value.
The HPI-1–human poverty index for developing countries – measures human
deprivations in the same three aspects of human development as the HDI (long
and healthy life, knowledge and a decent standard of living). HPI-2–human
poverty index for selected high-income OECD countries–includes, in addition to
the three dimensions in HPI-1, social exclusion.
For HPI-1
(developing countries), deprivation in health is measured by the probability at
birth of not surviving to age 40; deprivation in knowledge is measured by the
percentage of adults who are illiterate; deprivation in a decent standard of
living is measured by two variables: the percentage of people not having
sustainable access to an improved water source and the percentage of children
below the age of five who are underweight. See: 
Table 3 HDR 2007/2008 [92 KB].
For HPI-2
(selected high-income OECD countries), deprivation in health is measured by the
probability at birth of not surviving to age 60; deprivation in knowledge is
measured by the percentage of adults lacking functional literacy skills;
deprivation in a decent standard of living is measured by the percentage of
people living below the income poverty line, set at 50% of the adjusted median
household disposable income; and social exclusion is measured by the rate of
long-term (12 months or more) unemployment of the labour force. See: Table 4 HDR 2007/2008 [70 KB].
For details on
how to calculate the HPI-1 and HPI-2 see Technical note 1 HDR 2007/2008 [5,680 KB].
