Youth Employment in Botswana

Botswana has achieved high levels of human development, yet youth unemployment remains one of the country’s most pressing development challenges. The 4th National Human Development Report examines the structural, economic and educational factors that limit young people’s access to decent work and explores pathways for transforming Botswana’s demographic potential into a dividend for sustainable development.

The report finds that nearly 38 percent of young people aged 15–35 are unemployed, while more than 41 percent are not in education, employment or training (NEET). It highlights how a narrow economic base, dependence on the diamond sector, insufficient private-sector job creation, and persistent skills mismatches contribute to poor labour market outcomes for young people.

Drawing on labour market analysis, education system assessments and a nationwide youth survey conducted in 2025, the report captures the aspirations, challenges and experiences of Botswana’s youth. It reveals significant gaps in marketable skills, limited work experience among school leavers, and a disconnect between education outcomes and employer needs.

The report argues that addressing youth unemployment is essential for reducing inequality, accelerating economic diversification and strengthening human development. It proposes a comprehensive reform agenda focused on private-sector-led growth, education and TVET reforms, entrepreneurship, digital skills development, active labour market programmes, and targeted support for young women and other vulnerable groups.

Ultimately, the report positions youth employment as a central pillar of Botswana’s future prosperity and calls for coordinated action by government, the private sector, civil society and development partners to ensure that every young person has the opportunity to contribute to and benefit from the country’s development.