2025 Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)

This 2025 Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) report, for the first time, overlays data on climate hazards and multidimensional poverty to assess how exposed poor people are to environmental shocks. The report highlights that most people in poverty are exposed to at least one climate hazard; many confront several at the same time. By the end of this century, the countries projected to face the steepest temperature increases are those already burdened with higher levels of multidimensional poverty.

This year’s update of the global MPI database includes new data from 13 countries. It presents MPI data from 109 countries, along with subnational estimates covering 1,359 regions across 101 countries. The results show that 1.1 billion of 6.3 billion people live in acute multidimensional poverty, over half of them children. Common deprivations include a lack of clean cooking fuel, housing, sanitation, nutrition, and electricity.

The intertwining of climate and poverty risks is likely to intensify in the future, and the report makes a compelling case for addressing a double burden that may only worsen.

Explore 2025 MPI data

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Key Findings (2025)

1.1b

People live in Multidimensional Poverty

1.1 billion out of 6.3 billion people across 109 countries live in multidimensional poverty.

740m

Poor population live in middle-income countries

Nearly two thirds of all poor people, about 740 million or 64.5 percent of all poor population live in middle-income countries.

887m

Poor people are exposed to at least one of four climate hazards

Of the 1.1 billion poor people, 887 million live in subnational regions experiencing at least one of four climate hazards: high heat, drought, floods and air pollution.

309m

Poor people face three or four concurrent hazards

Out of 887 million poor people who are exposed to at least one climate hazard, 309 million are living in the subnational regions exposed to three or four climate hazards.

MPI Indicators

Dimensions of Poverty	Indicator	Deprived if living in the household where…	Weight
Health	Nutrition	Any adult under 70 years of age or any child for whom there is nutritional information is undernourished.	1/6
Health	Child mortality	Any child under the age of 18 years has died in the family in the five-year period preceding the survey.	1/6
Education	Years of schooling	No household member aged ‘school entrance age + six years or older has completed at least six years of schooling.	1/6
Education	School attendance	Any school-aged child is not attending school up to the age at which he/she would complete class eight.	1/6
Standard of living	Cooking fuel	The household cooks with dung, wood, charcoal or coal.	1/18
	Sanitation	The household’s sanitation facility is not improved (according to SDG guidelines) or it is improved but shared with other households.	1/18
	Drinking water	The household does not have access to improved drinking water (according to SDG guidelines) or improved drinking water is at least a 30-minute walk from home, round trip.	1/18
	Electricity	The household has no electricity.	1/18
	Housing	At least one of the three housing materials for roof, walls and floor are inadequate: the floor is of natural materials and/or the roof and/or walls are of natural or rudimentary materials.	1/18
	Assets	The household does not own more than one of these assets: radio, television, telephone, computer, animal cart, bicycle, motorbike or refrigerator, and does not own a car or truck.	1/18